There are different measurements for England and Wales, which are not directly comparable. The current infant mortality rate for U.K. in 2021 is 3.507 deaths per 1000 live births, a 2.39% decline from 2020.; The infant mortality rate for U.K. in 2020 was 3.593 deaths per 1000 live births, a 2.31% decline from 2019. This is referred to as the birth cohort. Local support 107+ support meetings held every month across the UK Find out more Bereavement care 2,700+ healthcare professionals trained and 27,800+ accessed our resources Find out more Saving babies' lives Through investment in research and improving care and support for families Find out more Infant mortality (birth cohort) tables in England and Wales Dataset | Released 20 February 2020 Births and infant deaths based on babies born in a calendar year that died before their first birthday linked to their corresponding birth notification and their corresponding death registration. Another way of looking at this trend is by exploring the proportion of neonatal deaths that are accounted for by babies born under or over 24 weeks gestation (Figure 5). Understanding causes of death can help to inform strategies for reducing neonatal deaths in line with the government’s ambition. Will my baby’s death definitely be reviewed by the PMRT team? Key findings. If the number of live births were to remain constant until 2025, this would require the number of neonatal deaths to fall from 1,742 in 2018 to 938 in 2025, a decrease of 804 (Figure 2). There were 2,488 infant deaths (aged under 1 year) that occurred in England and Wales in 2018; as a result of falling birth rates in recent years this is the lowest number since records began in 1980. K. C. SMITH. The age of babies who died within the neonatal period can be broken down further by how long the baby lived. [ neo + L. natalis, relating to birth, + A.S. dēath] Infant mortality is a key indicator of population health. Neonatal mortality rates in babies whose mothers are of white ethnicity have decreased between 2015-2017, whereas babies born to mothers of Asian, Asian British, Black and Black British ethnicity have increased between 2015-2017. These cause groups were revised in 2014 and only figures since then are comparable with the new 2018 figures. Reporting of stillbirths, perinatal deaths and infant deaths is via the MBRRACE-UK online reporting system available here: www.mbrrace.ox.ac.uk. Progress against the ambition to halve stillbirths and neonatal mortality in England, 2010 to 2018. The death of an infant aged under 7 days. Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE-UK) figures on stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates exclude births below 24+0 weeks gestational age and also exclude births that resulted in a death following termination of pregnancy. This is not the latest release. “Today’s figures show a small but welcome decrease in the infant mortality rate in England and Wales in 2018. The Office for National Statistics (ONS) has developed a hierarchical classification, which allows neonatal deaths to be assigned to a category, based on the likely timing of damage leading to death. maternity and neonatal related guidance. A large proportion of these extremely premature babies only survive a short time. Factors such as ethnicity, the age of the mother, and the economic situation of the area of birth can also increase the risk of neonatal death: In 2017 more babies born to mothers living in the most deprived areas died in the neonatal period when compared to mothers who lived in less deprived areas. In Wales, the infant mortality rate was also highest in the 10% most deprived areas, at 5.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018, whereas it was lowest in the less deprived areas. The overall decline in infant mortality rates in recent decades is likely to reflect general improvements in healthcare and more specific improvements in midwifery and neonatal intensive care. Sign up to receive the latest news from Bliss. Date of most recent full assessment (PDF, 152KB): May 2012. Most recent compliance check (PDF, 152KB), which confirms National Statistics status: May 2012. This provides further indication that the recent increase in the overall neonatal mortality rate is being driven by an increase in the number of live births of babies born under 24 weeks gestation. We have support and advice about stillbirth here. 3 Miscarriage Association, Wakefield, UK. Stillbirths, infant and childhood deaths occurring annually in England and Wales, and associated risk factors. The baby is at higher risk of being born prematurely, of being born with a low birth weight, and also at higher risk of death. Babies who die later having received care in a neonatal care unit will also be reviewed using the PMRT. Child Mortality . Almost half of neonatal deaths in England and Wales are caused by immaturity-related conditions (such as respiratory and cardiovascular disorders). Stillbirths and Infant Deaths Section of the Registrar General Annual Report Bulletin | Released 6 November 2019 Data for Northern Ireland on stillbirths and infant deaths, based on registrations. MBRRACE-UK mortality rates exclude stillbirths and neonatal deaths following termination of pregnancy to minimise the impact, because of policy differences in the provision and timing of antenatal screening and population differences in the uptake of Termination of Pregnancy due to Fetal Anomaly (TOPFAs) between organisations. Although this decrease is not statistically significant, it is welcome following three consecutive increases between 2014 and 2017, as reported last year. A 2016 report by Public Health England investigated trends in infant mortality in the West Midlands and specifically discussed the risks of congenital anomalies for babies born with a Pakistani ethnicity within consanguineous marriages. If a baby dies after 24 weeks of pregnancy, but before they’re born, it is known as a stillbirth. In 2018, the infant mortality rate decreased to 3.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in England and Wales, compared with 3.9 in 2017; this is above the lowest ever rate of 3.6 recorded in 2014. Query data. 14 All outcomes are described in detail in Supplementary data, Supplement S1 . The figures presented in this release are based on the year the death occurred (death cohort) or the year the birth occurred (birth cohort). If a baby dies within the first 28 days after they’re born, it is known as a neonatal death. Mothers aged 40 years or over are also considered a high-risk group for infant mortality, with the second-highest infant mortality rate in 2018 (Figure 10). Birth characteristics in England and Wales Bulletin | Released 6 December 2019 Annual live births by sex, ethnicity and month, maternities by place of birth and with multiple births, and stillbirths by age of parents and calendar quarter. 2019 Feb;53(2):153-157. doi: 10.1002/uog.20107. Rates are rounded to one decimal place. The great majority of neonatal deaths are due to perinatal causes, particularly preterm birth, and are strongly related to maternal health, as well as congenital malformations. If your baby was born alive, at any time during your pregnancy, but did not survive, you are entitled to maternity leave, and any maternity pay that you qualify for. The force launched an investigation two years ago and officers are also investigating 16 non-fatal collapses at the neonatal unit during the same period of March 2015 to July 2016. Obesity during pregnancy has also been associated with increased neonatal death rates. 4 Sands, the Stillbirth and Neonatal Death Charity, London, UK. If your baby died within the first 28 days of life this is considered to be a neonatal death. There are government strategies and campaigns in England to halve stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates by 2025 compared with 2010. Unprecedented fall in stillbirth and neonatal death in twins: lessons from the UK Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Deaths of babies born in a calendar year. Vital statistics in the UK: births, deaths and marriages Dataset | Released 22 November 2019 The number of infant deaths and rates (based on deaths registered in a calendar year) for the UK and constituent countries. It is also good practice to have seen the baby after death. In 2017, 19 per cent of mothers of babies who were stillborn or who died in the neonatal period smoked throughout their pregnancy. Download the reference list for statistics on this page. Method of data analysisThe indicator is calculated as a rate per 1,000 live births and stillbirths. Other causes of stillbirths can be explained but are generally unavoidable, such as3: Complications with the placenta; Haemorrhage (bleeding) during or … Overall, neonatal mortality rates have declined since the 1980s. This analysis is based on a three-year average to increase the reliability of the rates. Improvements since last review: More quality and methodology information on strengths, limitations, appropriate uses, and how the data were created is available in the Child and infant mortality QMI. National Statistics status means that our statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value, and it is our responsibility to maintain compliance with these standards. Maternal age is a known risk factor for infant mortality. The graph below shows neonatal mortality rates in England and Wales from 1985 to 2018. • If the baby is NOT seen by a registered doctor before death, advice must Historically there has been wide variation in whether NHS trusts and health boards report births before 24+0 weeks as a late fetal loss (that will not be reflected in ONS birth or death registration figures) or as live births resulting in neonatal deaths (registered as both a birth and a death). This proportion has remained similar since 2010. The following survival rates have been calculated from the number of live births and neonatal deaths (before 28 days after birth) at each gestation (point of pregnancy) in 2017. Sands works to support anyone affected by the death of a baby; improve the care bereaved parents receive; and create a world where fewer babies die. The extended perinatal mortality rate (includes stillbirths and all neonatal death up to 28 days, i.e. As expected, given the falling birth rate in England and Wales, this is the lowest number on record. Office for National Statistics (ONS) figures on perinatal mortality are based on all births and deaths registered via the General Register Office regardless of gestational age, and all stillbirths registered at 24 weeks or more gestation in line with the Stillbirth (Definition) Act 1992. The infant mortality rate was highest among babies with a Pakistani ethnicity, at 7.3 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2017, a decrease from 9.4 deaths since records began in 2006. It is difficult to detect a clear trend since 2010 because the number of infant deaths in Wales is relatively small. This is just below the overall neonatal mortality rate for all causes that is required to achieve the ambition. The Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) set out a vision in 2015 to halve the number of stillbirths, neonatal and maternal deaths and brain injuries by 2030. In 2011, NS-SEC was rebased on the new Standard Occupational Classification (SOC2010). though demise is inevitable a death certificate must be issued. One factor contributing to the trend in the neonatal mortality rate has been a small increase in the number of babies born alive at under 24 weeks gestation, despite a decrease in the overall number of births. The death of those aged between 1 and 15 years. Approximately 3.2 … If the total number of births were to remain constant until 2025, this would require the number of stillbirths to fall from 2,520 in 2018 to 1,633 in 2025, a decrease of 887 (Figure 2). As with the infant mortality rate, the UK has a relatively high rate of neonatal mortality compared to other countries. About the NBCPwww.nbcpathway.org.uk The National Bereavement Care Pathway has been developed to improve bereavement care and reduce variability in provision for families after miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, molar pregnancy, termination for fetal anomaly, stillbirth, neonatal death or sudden and unexpected death in infancy up to 12 months. In 2017, 41 per cent of babies who died in their first 28 days of life, died due to complications in the neonatal period; this was the largest cause of death. The neonatal mortality rate in England in 2018 was 2.8 deaths per 1,000 live births. As babies born showing no signs of life before 24+0 weeks (late fetal losses) are not legally required to be registered in the UK, MBRRACE-UK cannot validate ascertainment using registration data that the ONS share with them. All others – Chinese, Other Asian, Other black, Other and all mixed groups. This corresponds to the most common causes of infant deaths among all babies. Two-thirds of babies born in 2017 at under 24 weeks gestation died on the same day that they were born. In 2017, there were 2.8 neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births in the UK. Child mortality (death cohort) tables in England and Wales Dataset | Released 20 February 2020 Live births, stillbirths and linked infant deaths occurring annually in England and Wales, and associated risk factors. Stillbirth – a child which has issued forth from its mother after the 24th week of pregnancy, and which did not at any time after becoming completely expelled from its mother breathe or show other signs of life. Linking infant deaths to their corresponding birth registration improves our understanding of the main characteristics of the baby and the baby’s parents. Perinatal Confidential Enquiry 2017 - Term, Singleton, Intrapartum Stillbirth and Intrapartum Related Neonatal Death. Progress against this ambition is tracked using neonatal mortality rates based on the year the death was registered, which are the first available figures for any given year. Centre for Preventive Medicine, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk CB8 7UU, UK. The infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births. UK news. Rates – Infant deaths per 1,000 live births. We have used a combined method for reporting NS-SEC for birth statistics (using the most advantaged NS-SEC of either parent and creating a household-level classification rather than just using the father’s classification). Neonatal mortality data September 2020. An early neonatal death is defined as a death occurring in the first 7 days of life. Deaths are cause coded using the World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Classification of Diseases (ICD). However, the figures will still not fully align because of other methodological differences. Overall, infant mortality rates have significantly decreased all over the world. Our latest analysis shows this number has increased in recent years. The remainder of infant deaths are post-neonatal, due to a broad range of causes, including sudden unexplained death in infancy (SUDI). Cause of death reported here represents the final underlying cause of death for ages 28 days and over. This means that generally fewer babies per 1000 births are dying each year. We would like to use cookies to collect information about how you use ons.gov.uk. The infant mortality rate in the United Kingdom, for children under the age of one (twelve months), was 31.7 deaths per thousand births in 1950. In the UK, 1 in 200 babies are born dead. The linkage rate has remained consistent since the linking exercise began. This article is more ... A nurse is due in court charged with eight counts of murder following an investigation into baby deaths at the Countess of Chester hospital neonatal unit in Cheshire. The perinatal surveillance report4 indicates there were 3,286 stillbirths and 1,436 neonatal deaths in babies born at 24 weeks or greater in the UK in 2013. We use this information to make the website work as well as possible and improve our services. More information on neonatal cause of death certificates can be found in the User guide to child and infant mortality statistics. The analysis in this section is based on all babies born in the 2017 calendar year where the baby died before their first birthday (either in 2017 or 2018). The infant mortality rate for routine and manual occupation NS-SEC groups was highest at 4.6 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018. 5 Antenatal Results and Choices, London, UK. What does neonatal death mean? To assess how far the increase in live births under 24 weeks has affected neonatal mortality, Figure 4 compares the overall neonatal mortality rate with rates that only include babies born at 24 weeks or over. However, registration and occurrence-based figures for any given year are very similar. However, this pattern is reversed for Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic groups where more infant deaths were caused by congenital anomalies (Figure 9). Variations in infant mortality by socio-economic classification may be the result of the link between increasing levels of deprivation, risk factors and poorer maternal health, which can ultimately affect infant mortality. neonatal death or Sudden or Unexpected Death in Infancy. The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) is an overall measure of deprivation based on factors such as income, employment, health, education, crime, the living environment and access to housing within an area. Health is a devolved matter meaning it is the responsibility of the individual countries of the UK, which is why this ambition is only for England. In 2018, 97.5% of infant deaths in England and Wales were successfully linked to their birth registration record. Despite large declines in infant mortality rates during the twentieth- and twenty-first centuries, the UK has higher rates of and a wider socio-economic gap in infant mortality compared to many other high-income countries with universal healthcare systems. However, the rate saw a non-statistically significant decrease, from 34.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2017 to 32.5 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018. A survey of equine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death in the UK from 1988 to 1997. Taking a closer look at these trends is increasingly relevant for policy-makers and health practitioners in order to monitor progress against the government ambition to halve 2010’s stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates by 2025.”, Gemma Quayle, Vital Statistics Outputs Branch, Office for National Statistics Follow Vital Statistics Outputs Branch on Twitter @NickStripe_ONS. Congenital anomalies (such as heart and neural tube defects) account for approximately 30% of the total, followed by antepartum infections, which account for approximately 10% (Figure 3). Despite the infant mortality rate being relatively high within this age group, it has decreased the most since 2010, from 5.8 to 4.8 deaths per 1,000 live births. This is in contrast with the pattern in stillbirth rates in England and Wales, which decreased from 4.7 to 4.2 stillbirths per 1,000 births between 2014 and 2017. Infant mortality rates are significantly higher in the 10% most deprived areas compared with the 10% least deprived. Neonatal mortality rate date_range September 2020 Download spreadsheet. This dataset includes pregnancy gestation length. As the number of live births in this age group has dropped by over 50% from 40,591 in 2010 to 18,976 in 2018, this is likely to have had a positive impact on the overall infant mortality rate. All content is available under the Open Government Licence v3.0, except where otherwise stated, /peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/childhoodinfantandperinatalmortalityinenglandandwales/2018, Figure 1: Overall decline in infant mortality rate since 1980, Figure 3: Immaturity-related conditions remain the most common cause of neonatal deaths since 2014, Figure 4: Increase in the overall neonatal mortality rate since 2014, Figure 5: The proportion of neonatal deaths to babies born at under 24 weeks completed gestation has increased since 2014, Figure 6: Slight narrowing in the infant mortality rate between most and least deprived areas in England since 2010, Figure 7: Increase in infant mortality rates for higher managerial, administrative and professional occupations NS-SEC groups since 2015, Figure 8: Babies born in the White Other ethnic group continue to have the lowest infant mortality rate, Figure 9: Congenital anomalies most common cause of infant deaths for Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnic groups, Figure 10: Decline in infant mortality rate for mothers of all ages since 2010, Figure 11: Recent decline in infant mortality rate for low birthweight babies (under 2,500 grams), Read about the arrangements following The Duke of Edinburgh’s death, Halving stillbirth and neonatal mortality rates by 2025, three consecutive increases between 2014 and 2017, Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk through Audits and Confidential Enquiries across the UK (MBRRACE-UK), more very pre-term babies are being classified by health practitioners as live births, guidance for doctors and midwives for assessing signs of life for births under 24 weeks, National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC), more likely to smoke before or during pregnancy, trends in infant mortality in the West Midlands, Child mortality (death cohort) tables in England and Wales, Infant mortality (birth cohort) tables in England and Wales, Perinatal Surveillance Report reporting deaths in 2013 (PDF, 22.9MB), impact of registration delays on mortality statistics, policy for protecting confidentiality in tables of births and deaths statistics, User guide to child and infant mortality statistics, Vital statistics in the UK: births, deaths and marriages, Birth characteristics in England and Wales, Unexplained deaths in infancy, England and Wales, Child and infant mortality in England and Wales. 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