guinea abyssal plain

The purified DNA was pooled and then used for PCR. The other communities showed phylogenetic clustering closer to the tips of the phylogeny. Schauer et al. Areas of the ocean with depths of 1800 m or more, or areas of the seabed on the oceanic crust, are often called the deep sea. Remarkable heterogeneity in meso- to bathypelagic bacterioplankton assemblage composition. Only few other genera were retrieved, all also belonging to the Prokinetoplastina or the order Neobodonida. Bacterial and archaeal community structure and its pattern. Won Y, Young CR, Lutz RA, Vrijenhoek RC. Lecroq B, Gooday AJ, Pawlowski J. Yue and Clayton's measure of dissimilarity resulted in similar sampling regions becoming more similar by increasing the threshold for OTU delineation up to 3% p-distance and, at the same time, dissimilarities became more apparent. Proposer: Olivier Parvillers, French Hydrographic Office … The high similarity of the Namibia Abyssal Plain and both Mediterranean sampling areas, on the other hand, is mainly the result of few shared dominant OTUs, and not the result of similarity in species richness (Shah Salani, 2009). The 224 ml of sediment-overlaying water from the Brazil Basin were equally filtered over 0.2-μm polycarbonate filters (Millipore) and genomic DNA from these filters was extracted by the same procedure as for the South-East Atlantic samples. Want to thank TFD for its existence? Pruesse E, Quast C, Knittel K, Fuchs B, Ludwig W, Peplies J, et al. Scaled bubble plot showing the relative number of clones for the most abundant OTUs (>4 clones; center of the figure) and for each sampling area (bottom of the figure) arranged according to their taxonomic affiliation as determined by BLAST (right-hand side). (2009), who studied the same sampling regions of the South-East Atlantic, attributed the differences reported, at least partially, to environmental differences of the different water masses. As the Mediterranean samples already contained a mixture of sediment and sediment-overlaying water as described above, we have pooled the genomic DNA of both phases after extraction. Transport of nutrients and chlorophyll-a by mesoscale eddies in the northeastern Mediterranean. divergent (where lithosphere and oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges), 2.) No members of the orders Eubodonida and Parabodonida, as well as Tryposomatida, were retrieved, although we were able to successfully amplify several cultured isolates of Eubodonida and Parabodonida using both primer pairs. Presently, the majority of marine mining efforts are limited to shallow coastal waters, where sand, tin and diamonds are more readily accessible. Whereas most communities were composed of a diverse assemblage of the above named taxa, the community from the Seamount was mainly composed of a single taxa, Dimastigella. Our results from the South-East Atlantic, thus, corroborate the report of Scheckenbach et al. Katoh K, Toh H. Parallelization of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Analysis of molecular variance inferred from metric distances among DNA haplotypes: application to human mitochondrial DNA restriction data. Webb C, Ackerly D, McPeek M, Donoghue M. Phylogenies and community ecology. At the same time, dissimilarities became more apparent. It was the spreading of the seafloor as Argolandmoved away from the Australian coastthat allowed the sea to flood theCanning Basin. In this context, note that most communities were phylogenetically clustered, thus providing evidence for environmental filtering. The vast abyssal sea floor covers more than 50% of Earth's surface and is postulated to have a key role in ecological and biogeochemical processes on a global scale as well as being an untapped reservoir of high genetic and metabolic diversity (Danovaro et al., 2008a). The following expeditions to the Mediterranean and South-West Atlantic did not enable us to equally sample sediment-overlaying water but solely sediment. Exponential decline of deep-sea ecosystem functioning linked to benthic biodiversity loss. Additionally, the emission of sulfur monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, and halogens into the oceans would have made seawater more acidic resulting in the dissolution of carbonate, and further release of CO2. nov.: a new foraminiferan species (Protista) from the Porcupine Abyssal Plain, Northeast Atlantic", "Deep-sea Ecosystems Affected By Climate Change", Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis, North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System, Jason-2 (Ocean Surface Topography Mission), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_submarine_topographical_features&oldid=1016326470, Articles with dead external links from February 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, (Aleutskaya Kotlovina, Bering Abyssal Plain, Bering Basin, Bering Sea Basin), (Central Polar Basin; consists of the Canada Basin and the Makarov Basin). This result was corroborated by a significant negative correlation between species co-occurrence and phylogenetic distance (corr=−0.053, P<0.001). Fukuda H, Sohrin R, Nagata T, Koike I. Much of this sediment is deposited from turbidity currents that have been channeled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. Treusch AH, Vergin KL, Finlay LA, Donatz MG, Burton RM, Carlson CA, et al. Finally, many marine communities show a strong seasonal pattern (Levin et al., 2001; Ruhl and Smith, 2004; Fuhrman et al., 2006; Caron and Countway, 2009; Treusch et al., 2009) and can rapidly alter their community assemblage in areas with high seasonality in timescales in the order of days and weeks (Fuhrman and Hagström, 2008), rendering deep-sea microbial communities as dynamic as surface ones (Winter et al., 2009). Faith DP. Oceanic landforms and topographic elements. To the west, the zone is ob-scured in the irregular abyssal hills on the north flank of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We thank Michael Türkay; Pedro Martínez Arbizu; Kai George; and the captains, the crews and the scientific crews of R/V Meteor cruises 63/2 (expedition DIVA2), 71/2 and 79/1 (expedition DIVA3). Important deep sea plains are Somali Abyssal plain. At the sea floor, the Angola and Guinea Abyssal Plains are filled with North Atlantic Deep Water, modified by injections of Antarctic Bottom Water through the Mid-Atlantic Ridge System, whereas the Cape Abyssal Plain is filled with Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (also referred to as Antarctic Bottom Water), which has lower temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen . Seasonal changes of bacterial and archaeal communities in the dark ocean: evidence from the Mediterranean Sea. Hunter RL, Halanych KM. Global bathymetric patterns of standing stock and body size in the deep-sea benthos. Microbes, molecules, and marine ecosystems. 2019 Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) Cruise Fellowship. However, the most dominant OTUs will most probably always be detected and, as it is generally assumed that the dominant taxa contribute most the ecosystem's function and consequently best describe that ecosystem (Scheckenbach et al., 2010), abundance-based statistics (for example, Yue and Clayton's θ similarity coefficient) should therefore deliver comparable results. (Madagascar Basin, Malagasy Abyssal Plain, Seychelles-Mauritius Plateau). Linear regression was also calculated with R, as was the Mantel test using the R package ade4 (Thioulouse et al., 1997). Primers are kinetoplastid-specific and cover all kinetoplastid sequences present in the SILVA database as of July 2009. Raising the level for OTU delineation to 2 and 3% p-distance, as commonly found in the literature, did lower the total number of OTUs to 214 (2% p-distance) and 177 (3% p-distance). Cermeño P, Falkowski PG. The distinction among some communities studied may, therefore, be attributed to environmental differences of the water masses, and, vice versa, the similarity of the communities from both the South-West Atlantic and the South-East Atlantic may consequently be attributed to similar water masses. Galand PE, Casamayor EO, Kirchman DL, Lovejoy C. Ecology of the rare microbial biosphere of the Arctic Ocean. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Geographical isolation in hot spring cyanobacteria. It stretches 1,130 km (700 miles) from northwestern Guinea to the Atlantic Ocean at the city of Banjul. Brown MV, Philip GK, Bunge JA, Smith MC, Bissett A, Lauro FM, et al. By contrast, the number of clones present in OTUs found in several sampling regions increased and, hence, the distribution of the number of shared sampling regions for a given OTU against the number of clones within all OTUs of the respective rank shifted toward the right side of the plot (Supplementary Figure 5). Excoiffier L, Smouse PE, Quattro JM. Thioulouse J, Chessel D, Dolédec S, Olivier JM. There are three types of lithospheric plate boundaries: 1.) PCRs were performed in 50 μl of reaction volume under standard conditions as specified by the manufacturer (Ta=50 °C for Rev1_1231; Ta=51 °C for Rev2_1196). DNA purification from polysaccharide-rich cells, Countway PD, Gast RJ, Dennett MR, Savai P, Rose JM, Caron DA. This abyssal plain lies in the Indian Oceanoff northwest Australia. Evaluating connectivity in the brooding brittle star. Kinetoplastids are an ecological important (Moreira et al., 2004) group of euglenozoans. It may, therefore, not be surprising to find coherent communities of microbial eukaryotes at a given depth horizon at adjacent regions. From the p-distance matrix, a minimum evolution phylogenetic tree was computed using FastME v.2.0.7 (Desper and Gascuel, 2002) with SPR post-processing enabled. ADE-4: a multivariate analysis and graphical display software. Differences in community structure would thus reflect the differences in environmental parameters among water masses, as also suggested by studies of marine foraminiferans (De Vargas et al., 1999; Darling et al., 2000). [50] While many oceanic plateaus are composed of continental crust, and often form a step interrupting the continental slope, some plateaus are undersea remnants of large igneous provinces. Deep Sea Plain or Abyssal Plain Deep sea planes are gently sloping areas of the ocean basins. Danovaro R, Gambi C, Dell'Anno A, Corinaldesi C, Fraschetti S, Vanreusel A, et al. The other sampling regions, on the other hand, showed phylogenetic clustering. (1996) reported in their study of the eastern Mediterranean that the distance from coast is much more important than water depth for food availability at the seafloor and thus species diversity. Danovaro R, Gambi C, Lampadariou N, Tselepides A. Deep-sea biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin: testing for longitudinal, bathymetric and energetic gradients. Green J, Bohannan BJ. The taxonomic community composition was heterogeneous between different sampling regions (Figure 2 and Supplementary Figure 3). For phylogenetic analysis, multiple alignments were computed using the E-INS-i iterative refinement method of MAFFT v.6.833 (Katoh and Toh, 2010). Hewson I, Steele JA, Capone DG, Fuhrman JA. Sequences were assembled and corrected manually. Primers were designed manually using the entire kinetoplastid data set of the SILVA database (July 2009; Pruesse et al., 2007) following general rules of primer design in conjunction with the NCBI primer-BLAST tool (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/). 119C The zonations of Thierstein (1971, 1976), Sissingh (1977), and Roth (1978), as well as unpublished data, were used to correlate Cretaceous strata. Clear differences in the dominance patterns between the sampling areas are visible (Figure 2; can be deduced from Supplementary Figure 3). Tests with group-specific clone libraries showed that com-munities from the same abyssal plain (the eastern and western Guinea Abyssal Plain) were very similar (Table S4). Together with the fact that raising the threshold for OTU delineation did not significantly raise the maximum number of sampling regions an OTU was present, this emphasizes both the similarities among some sampling regions as well as the dissimilarities found. Introducing Mothur: open-source, platform-independent, community-supported software for describing and comparing microbial communities. Rabitti S, Bianchi F, Boldrin A, Da Ros L, Socal G, Totti C. Particulate matter and phytoplankton in the Ionian Sea. The latter study equally reported of statistically not distinguishable communities from the Angola and the Guinea Basin, and also of statistically distinct communities from the Namibia Abyssal Plain. The highest percentage of singletons was found for the Pernambuco Abyssal Plain (69%) and the Angola Abyssal Plain (77%). These are the flattest and smoothest regions of the world because of terrigenous [ denoting marine sediment eroded from the land ] and shallow water sediments that … In fact, the Mediterranean communities are far diverse than the relatively species-poor Namibia Abyssal Plain (Supplementary Figure 1) and share only those few dominant OTUs with the Namibia Abyssal Plain. Text to Accompany the Physiographic Diagram of the North Atlantic", "Agulhas Plateau, SW Indian Ocean: New Evidence for Excessive Volcanism", "Large-scale patterns in biodiversity of microbial eukaryotes from the abyssal sea floor", "Results of the DIVA-1 expedition of RV "Meteor" (Cruise M48:1): Three new species of Munnopsidae Sars, 1864 from abyssal depths of the Angola Basin (Crustacea: Isopoda: Asellota)", Eratosthenes Seamount: an oceanographic yardstick recording the Late Mesozoic-Tertiary geological history of the Eastern Mediterranean, Eratosthenes Seamount: the possible spearhead of incipient continental collision in the Eastern Mediterranean, "Bathymetry and Microtopography of Black Sea: Structure", American Association of Petroleum Geologists, "The Black Sea Romanian coastal zone: a general survey of the erosion process", "The European marginal and enclosed seas: an overview", "8.

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